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MONDAY, Jan. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Using human embryonic stem cells to treat the eye disease macular degeneration appears to be safe and leads to some vision improvement, a small, early-stage study found.
The study included one elderly patient and one younger adult patient with different types of macular degeneration that had led to severe vision loss.
After four months, the embryonic stem cell transplants seemed safe and both patients had some improvement in vision, the U.S. researchers said.
But researchers cautioned that the research is preliminary and far more study is needed before the practice might become widespread.
The study, published online Jan. 23 in The Lancet, is the first report of the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) in humans for any purpose, the researchers said in a news release from the journal.
One patient was a woman in her 70s with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. The other patient was a woman in her 50s with Stargardt's macular dystrophy, the most common type of macular degeneration in younger patients. Both were legally blind.
Both patients received transplants of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human embryonic stem cells into what's called the subretinal space (under the retina of the eye) in one eye. The patients received low-dose immunosuppression therapy, which was gradually reduced after six weeks.
Follow-up exams showed that the transplanted cells had attached to a part of the retina called Bruch's membrane and survived throughout the study period. Four months after transplant, there were no signs of so-called teratoma formation -- which occurs when stem cells turn into multiple cell types and form "incompatible" tissues that can include teeth and hair -- or related problems. And there were no signs of rejection or abnormal cell growth, the researchers said.
"Our study is designed to test the safety and tolerability of hESC-RPE in patients with advanced-stage Stargardt's macular dystrophy and dry age-related macular degeneration. So far, the cells seem to have transplanted into both patients without abnormal proliferation, teratoma formation, graft rejection, or other untoward pathological reactions or safety signals. Continued follow-up and further study is needed. The ultimate therapeutic goal will be to treat patients earlier in the disease processes, potentially increasing the likelihood of photoreceptor and central visual rescue," wrote Dr. Robert Lanza, chief scientific officer at Advanced Cell Technology in Marlborough, Mass., and his colleagues.
"It has been over a decade since the discovery of human embryonic stem cells. This is the first report of hESC-derived cells ever transplanted into patients, and the safety and engraftment data to date looks very encouraging," Lanza added in the journal news release.
"Although several new drugs are available for the treatment of the wet type of AMD, no proven treatments currently exist for either dry AMD or Stargardt's disease. Despite the progressive nature of these conditions, the vision of both patients appears to have improved after transplantation of the cells, even at the lowest dosage. This is particularly important, since the ultimate goal of this therapy will be to treat patients earlier in the course of the disease where more significant results might potentially be expected," he added.
Scientists believe that embryonic stem cells have the ability to "differentiate" -- or grow -- into most types of cells in the human body. But the use of such cells is controversial because it involves the destruction of a human embryo.
In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Anthony Atala, a professor and director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine, in North Carolina, wrote: "The potential to use human embryonic-derived cells with a therapeutic effect in patients is now finally realized ... The ultimate therapeutic goal for patients with visual loss would be to treat them earlier in the disease processes, hopefully increasing the likelihood of visual rescue. Much remains to be seen -- literally."
More information
The U.S. National Eye Institute has more about age-related macular degeneration.
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January 20, 2009: ?At 12:00 noon Barack Obama became the 44th President of the United States and the first African-American to hold the office.? NBC's Brian Williams reports.? ????
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Memphis Animal Services (MAS) is normally open only one weekend day (Saturday) which contributes to their abysmal live release rate since weekends are their greatest chance for increased traffic and adoptions.? The pound is closing this weekend for mandatory employee training on pet killing. Sunday will be the practical ? that is, killing actual pets.
It is impossible for a shelter to conduct a practical on ?humane euthanasia? for 9 hours on a designated day.? Here?s why:? Because there is no way of knowing if any pets at MAS (or anywhere) will cross over into the medically hopeless and suffering category in which humane euthanasia is warranted on Sunday.? Chances are very low that even one pet will suddenly be deemed by a vet to be medically hopeless and suffering on Sunday when there was still hope on Saturday ? never mind enough pets to fill up a 9 hour practical.? Therefore, it is impossible to conduct a day long practical on ?humane euthanasia?.? If MAS does hold this practical, what they will be doing is killing healthy/treatable pets.? That is not ?humane euthanasia? as the city is purporting the course to be.
The healthy/treatable pets who MAS is planning to kill on Sunday could potentially be adopted, fostered or rescued on Saturday if the city would keep the pound open.? I have offered to help if they would post their pets online so I could network them.? I know some of you would help too.? Further ? and I can not stress this enough ? whether or not the city opens the pound on Saturday, it is ethically wrong to kill healthy/treatable pets for a class on Sunday or for any reason, any day.
MAS kills more than 11,000 pets a year.? When will it be enough?
I say:? today.? Today is enough.
Please pick up the phone and speak for the pets at MAS who won?t be adopted this weekend but who will be killed in a practical for a killing course ? call Memphis Mayor AC Wharton at (901) 576-6000.? Politely explain that you are protesting both the closing of the pound on Saturday for a pet killing class and the needless killing of healthy/treatable pets on Sunday.? If you are unable to call, please e-mail the mayor to make your voice heard: ? Mayor@memphistn.gov
A worker at MAS drags a dog from his cage in the stray area on October 28, 2011.
The worker uses the chokepole to drag the dog to the kill room.
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Source: http://yesbiscuit.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/friday-campaign-to-speak-for-pets-at-mas/
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PRETORIA, South Africa (AP) ? Getting more small companies wired will help their businesses grow, and help their country fight unemployment, officials said Thursday as Google launched a project that makes it easy to showcase South African entrepreneurship on the Internet.
With a few clicks Thursday, the first entrepreneurs used Google Inc.'s Woza Online to create their own websites. Woza Online, which Google launched with help from South African government researchers and cash from mobile phone company Vodacom, offers free domain names with South Africa's co.za tag for the first 10,000 applicants.
It took Rajis Reddy less than 15 minutes to set up a website for her company, which employs 10 craftsmen and other workers in rural eastern South Africa to create traditional, brightly colored wooden toys.
"We've developed a website!" Reddy said. "I can't believe it."
South Africa has the most vibrant economy in Africa, but also is beset by high rates of unemployment and poverty. The government sees small business as a key weapon in the battle to create jobs.
Businesses with Web presence "are able to be part of the globe," said Elizabeth Thabethe, South Africa's deputy minister of trade and industry, who joined Google executives at Thursday's launch.
"Small businesses are an incredibly important part of a vibrant economy," said Luke Mckend, head of Google's South African operations.
The numbers in South Africa bear that out, said Taddy Blecher of South Africa's Human Resource Development Council. Blecher said small businesses employ 65 percent of the 13.8 million South Africans with jobs.
"If we can just increase that presence by 10 percent, that will create 1.4 million jobs, just like that," Blecher said.
Officially, a quarter of the labor force in this country of 50 million is unemployed.
Researcher Arthur Goldstuck, who regularly surveys small businesses in South Africa, says about 400,000, or two-thirds, are online. Woza Online is designed to address some of the most common reasons entrepreneurs give for not having websites ? that they are too busy, and lack funds and expertise.
Bryan Nelson, Google's business development manager, described Woza Online as "non-techie, simple, easy to understand."
Toy entrepreneur Reddy's unfamiliarity with the Web was apparent in her hesitant keyboard touch Thursday. But she easily navigated a fill-in-the-blanks process similar to completing an online order form. Entrepreneurs can dress up their sites with their own images or graphics provided by Google.
Blecher said services South Africans can turn to now would charge at least 1,000 rand ($125) to design a website, beyond the budget of many small businesses.
"We've been very slack online," said Reddy, who said advertising until now had consisted of word of mouth and flyers. She sells her toys and other crafts at crafts markets in Johannesburg.
She had been considering going online to reach a broader market when a Google representative saw her wares at a market and approached her about Woza Online.
____
Online:
www.wozaonline.co.za
Donna Bryson can be reached on http://twitter.com/dbrysonAP
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Who says you can't erase the past?
Long after dropping the hyphenate, Eva Longoria is excising the remaining traces of her marriage to San Antonio Spurs baller Tony Parker ? she's having her Tony-celebrating tattoos removed!
Story: Gabby suspects Carlos of murder on 'Housewives'Sources tell E! News that she is undergoing the multiple treatments it takes to fully remove permanent ink, which in Longoria's case include the word "Nine" (Parker's jersey number) on her neck, her wedding date on her wrist and his initials ... somewhere.
The American public expects a lot from its president, but no one expected the Al Green song sample he delivered Thursday n...
What a difference a year makes, right?
MORE: Eva and Eduardo Cruz star in our PDA of the day
Last January, the "Desperate Housewives" star wrote on Facebook, "Nothing is being removed, although I am always up for more tattoos!"
Slideshow: Tattoo you: Celebrity ink (on this page)But maybe her current fellow, Eduardo Cruz, didn't want to share real estate on his girlfriend's skin ? in case she decides to commemorate their romance in an inky fashion, that is.
Story: Eva Longoria gets baby fix with young BeckhamAccording to TMZ, Cruz accompanied Longoria to an appointment at a Dr. Tattoff clinic, but the actress' reps would not comment on the report.
GALLERY: Tattooed Celebrities
Longoria filed for divorce from Parker in November 2010 after more than three years of marriage.
? 2012 E! Entertainment Television, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Source: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/46070438/ns/today-entertainment/
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